Analysis · over time

How elections changed

Odisha, 1952–2024. 18 general elections tracked.

Turnout

74.64%

↑ 1.43 pts from previous

Median margin

8.7%

↑ 5.1 pts from previous

Effective parties

2.7

↓ 0.1 from previous

NOTA

1.3%

↓ 0.01 pts from previous

Women elected

33.33%

↑ 23.81 pts from previous

[01]Turnout

Weighted votes ÷ electors, election by election

2024 74.64%21 seats

2019 73.21%21 seats

2014 73.75%21 seats

2009 65.33%21 seats

2004 66.04%21 seats

1999 55.63%21 seats

1998 58.03%21 seats

1996 59.23%21 seats

1991 53.81%21 seats

1989 59.27%21 seats

1984 56.26%21 seats

1980 46.31%21 seats

1977 44.32%21 seats

1971 43.19%20 seats

1967 43.7%20 seats

1962 23.56%20 seats

1957 55.62%14 seats

1952 47.48%16 seats

[02]How close the contests were

Median winning margin, election by election

2024 8.7%21 seats

2019 3.6%21 seats

2014 14.1%21 seats

2009 12.7%21 seats

2004 6.9%21 seats

1999 18.1%21 seats

1998 13.1%21 seats

1996 12.3%21 seats

1991 6.7%21 seats

1989 17.9%21 seats

1984 22.3%21 seats

1980 32.4%21 seats

1977 17.9%21 seats

1971 12.9%20 seats

1967 18.75%20 seats

1962 19.4%20 seats

[03]Ballot crowding

Candidates per seat over time

2024 9.9207 candidates

2019 8.3174 candidates

2014 9.3196 candidates

2009 7.5157 candidates

2004 4.8100 candidates

1999 5.0105 candidates

1998 6.4135 candidates

1996 10.8226 candidates

1991 10.2214 candidates

1989 6.3132 candidates

1984 5.4114 candidates

1980 5.2110 candidates

1977 2.961 candidates

1971 4.385 candidates

1967 3.365 candidates

1962 2.549 candidates

1957 4.157 candidates

1952 3.658 candidates

[04]Party fragmentation

Effective number of parties by vote share

2024 2.72 of 37 won seats

2019 2.83 of 33 won seats

2014 3.12 of 27 won seats

2009 3.63 of 22 won seats

2004 3.44 of 15 won seats

1999 3.33 of 16 won seats

1998 3.43 of 20 won seats

1996 3.23 of 16 won seats

1991 3.14 of 16 won seats

1989 2.54 of 13 won seats

1984 2.32 of 8 won seats

1980 2.72 of 10 won seats

1977 2.44 of 7 won seats

1971 4.24 of 12 won seats

1967 4.05 of 7 won seats

1962 2.74 of 7 won seats

1957 3.55 of 5 won seats

1952 3.54 of 6 won seats

[05]NOTA

None of the above, as a share of votes cast

2024 1.3%3,25,483 votes

2019 1.31%3,10,824 votes

2014 1.55%3,32,780 votes

[06]Deposits lost

Share of candidates polling under a sixth of valid votes

2024 76.81%159 of 207

2019 71.84%125 of 174

2014 72.96%143 of 196

2009 65.61%103 of 157

2004 57.0%57 of 100

1999 60.0%63 of 105

1998 66.67%90 of 135

1996 77.88%176 of 226

1991 78.51%168 of 214

1989 68.18%90 of 132

1984 63.16%72 of 114

1980 63.64%70 of 110

1977 31.15%19 of 61

1971 38.82%33 of 85

1967 29.23%19 of 65

1962 20.41%10 of 49

1957 35.09%20 of 57

1952 32.76%19 of 58

[07]Women elected

Share of winners who are women

2019 33.33%21 seats

2014 9.52%21 seats

2004 9.52%21 seats

1999 9.52%21 seats

1998 9.52%21 seats

1996 9.52%21 seats

1991 4.76%21 seats

1989 4.76%21 seats

1984 4.76%21 seats

1980 4.76%21 seats

1971 5.0%20 seats

[08]Incumbent re-election rate

Share of sitting members who won again

2019 42.86%3 of 7 re-elected

2014 50.0%8 of 16 re-elected

2009 31.25%5 of 16 re-elected

2004 84.62%11 of 13 re-elected

1999 77.78%14 of 18 re-elected

1998 23.53%4 of 17 re-elected

1996 68.75%11 of 16 re-elected

1991 52.63%10 of 19 re-elected

1989 20.0%3 of 15 re-elected

1984 92.86%13 of 14 re-elected

1980 31.25%5 of 16 re-elected

1977 37.5%6 of 16 re-elected

1971 33.33%5 of 15 re-elected

1967 83.33%5 of 6 re-elected

[09]Computed insights

Arithmetic over the series above, not commentary

Ballots have grown much more crowded: 3.6 candidates a seat in 1952 against 9.9 in 2024.
3.6 → 9.9 over 18 elections
Women's share of elected members peaked at 33.33% in 2019 — the current high-water mark.
peak 33.33% in 2019
In 2019, 42.86% of sitting members who re-stood were re-elected — below the series average of 52.12%.
42.86 vs avg 52.12 across 14 elections
NOTA peaked at 1.55% in 2014 — 3,32,780 voters chose none of the above.
highest NOTA share across 3 elections
The highest deposit-loss rate was 78.51% in 1991: 168 of 214 candidates polled under a sixth of the valid vote.
peak deposit losses in 1991